Measured with
questionnaires.
Studies assess shifts in self-experience, perceived boundaries, emotion and meaning.
A 2021 dose-finding study of an inhaled formulation measured mystical-type experience and ego dissolution in 22 healthy volunteers. Higher studied dose conditions generally produced stronger ratings — without demonstrating any treatment benefit in that healthy sample.
A 2025 study combining interviews, questionnaires and EEG found variable changes in bodily and narrative self-experience. Only some of the more extreme accounts described awareness without identifiable content. These are retrospective descriptions of what people remember, not proof of a claim about the nature of mind.
Experiences differ between people. Neither bliss nor any particular spiritual interpretation is guaranteed, and a powerful experience is not self-validating.